Podcast Live, Bonus Ferulic Acid Rest Commentary

The latest podcast is now live. Today Patrick and I discuss the very welcome emergence of lagers in the craft beer sphere.

Also, in case you missed it, I have a new post up over at All About Beer. It's part of my "quirks of brewing" series. We started things out with parti-gyle brewing, and this week we go to the importance of the ferulic acid rest. What? You've never heard of a ferulic acid rest? Man, do I envy you: your life is about to change.

Once the ferulic acid is in the wort, it can be converted by yeast into a tasty-sounding compound known as 4-vinyl guaiacol, the actual source of the flavor. The yeast must be a special variety known was POF+, meaning “phenolic off-flavor.” It was originally a slur, issued from the perspective of lager breweries who didn’t want any 4-vinyl guaiacol in their beer.

Enjoy. And, as always, share the links, and send me your feedback--it's always welcome.

Churn on the Fringe

Yesterday I discussed the beer products aimed at people who don't like beer, specifically fingering the Bud Light -Ritas (Lima-a-Rita, Apple-ahh-Rita, etc.). I got a bit of push back about how long these products actually last in the marketplace, and it reminded me that most people don't get to see those figures. So here's an update to illustrate just how fast they come and go. My numbers come from IRI/Symphony numbers from a few years back.

Let's start with the biggest-debuting products in the years 2006-2012:

• 2006: Captain Morgan Parrot Bay Wave Runner
• 2007: Miller Chill
• 2008: Bud Light Lime
• 2009: Bud Light Golden Wheat
• 2010: Smirnoff Blueberry Lemonade
• 2011: Shock Top Raspberry Wheat
• 2012: Bud Light Platinum Lager (#2 was Lime-a-Rita)

As far as I can tell Wave Runner is off the market and Miller Chill and Bud Light Golden Wheat have been killed. I suspect Platinum is not long for the world--and that's probably true for Bud Light Lime as well. To put an even sharper point on it, of the 15 top new releases in 2008, only 7 were still in production by 2011. That slightly understates things because two of the fifteen were variety packs. In other words, 62% of the biggest-selling new products in 2008 had been killed by 2011.

As you can see from the list, these are gimmicky products that taste bad and die early. But whenever a Chill dies, there's a Straw-Ber-Rita to take it's place. They're worth big money ($100 million or more a year for each best-selling brand), but they don't last. Buy your commemorative cans today--they may be museum pieces tomorrow.

On the Fringe

This past Monday, I celebrated Memorial Day the way most Americans do--at a backyard barbecue. (Yes, I am aware that this misses the point.) I took along some of the new Hefe Shandy the Widmer Brothers recently sent me, expecting not to like it much. By chance, someone else brought along a Bud Light Apple-Ahh-Rita, the latest in the line of abominations AB is passing off as refreshment.

Although many beer geeks are blissfully unaware of it, there is a product segment in the beer world that is aimed at people who don't like beer. It's been a robust source of revenue for decades, but a dicey one. Each new product has a limited life span, and after a few years, they vanish without a trace, making way for the newest latest. (My theory is that these products are aimed at new, mostly young drinkers who are transitioning from soda. The products therefore become fixtures of drinking juvenilia, and after a few years, when the drinker has developed a palate for something more mature, the old alco-pop is regarded with embarrassment, like a favorite boy band from childhood.)

In any case, the Apple-Ahh-Rita and Hefe Shandy offer an interesting dichotomy. The former, part of the "-rita" line of abominations, is undrinkable. Imagine an off-brand Jolly Rancher melted down and cut with Everclear and you're near the mark. It's a boozy 8%, presumably to reduce the amount you have to choke down before the harsh, grain-alcohol buzz kicks in. It's a scam product that will die its inevitable death as soon as people realize, en mass, just how bad and absurd it is.



The Widmer Brothers' product, by contrast, is aimed at people who like beer. It wasn't made for me, but neither was it made for 19-year-old undergrads. Although the nose is hugely (and not entirely naturally) lemony, the palate is dominated by a light wheatiness. The lemon is an accent, more zest than juice, and is surprisingly dry. It's about half the alcohol (4.2%) of the Rita, and designed for backyard barbecues. Widmer Brothers could have as easily called it Lemon Hefe.

The beer market is developing very quickly. Where once there were just three categories--mass market lagers, craft, and alco-pop--now there is a large and growing segment between craft and mass market lager. There are a lot of people who like the flavor of beer, don't hate Budweiser, but don't love imperial sours and barrel-aged stouts. Blue Moon and Shock Top have been exploiting (and enlarging) that segment for years, and now craft brewers are poking their toe in these waters. Hefe Shandy will be an interesting test case; if they can make inroads into that segment, it will further accelerate the change in beer categories.

Friday Odds and Ends

I've been trying to think of a hook for this story, but I got nothin'.

But one [distillery] has found a work-around. It's come up with a chemical process that ages bourbon not in years — but in hours. The innovation is unsettling an industry that is long-soaked in history and tradition....

Terressentia's website says its process uses ultrasonic energy and oxygenation, which "finishes chemical reactions that failed to complete in the distillation stage," and results in a "smoother mouth feel."

Interesting, though.

Next, I'd like to direct you to the latest All About Beer blog post, in which thinking about the validity of regional IPA subtypes (West Coast, East Coast, etc.) leads me to consider regionalism:

So, if we think there’s a style effect going on, it’s more likely a brewery effect. They don’t drink a lot of Dortmund export in Cleveland because of some exotic local preference (I’d find it mighty surprising to see the Dortmunder style pop up anywhere else)—but because the favorite local brewery, Great Lakes Brewing Co., makes a great version of that beer. Here in Portland, one of the U.S. cities most famous for hops, our best-selling craft beer is a wheat ale. But that’s not because Portland is a wheat ale town (they’re pretty rare), but because Widmer’s flagship is Hefeweizen, and Widmer’s our hometown brewery.

And finally, a personal note: the Beer Bible apparently went to the printer today. They're doing two versions, hard- and soft-cover, though the former is mainly just for the library market. (Just 1,500 copies, but you can pre-order one--no doubt for a Limited! Time! Only! from Amazon.) On the inner flaps of the dust cover, the publisher has written really nice copy. To celebrate the imminent tangible manifestation of the book, I'd like to share it with you. (An indulgence, and I appreciate it.)

Never in the long history of drinking have beer lovers had it so good, with a brewing renaissance happening around the globe. And never before have beer lovers who also have a thirst for knowledge had it so good—The Beer Bible is a lively, comprehensive, authoritative, and purely fun-toread guide to beer in all its glory.

The Beer Bible celebrates the pleasure of discovery, for readers new to beer, and the pleasure of connoisseurship, for old hands ever eager for more information. It’s a book built on the premise that the best way to learn about beer isn’t by trying every one out there, but instead pouring your favorite and studying it. That’s what opens the doorway to history, culture, and craft, the influences that make each style of beer unique.

Like bitter, for example. Its origins in the twin discoveries of hops as a spicing agent and modern kilning, which allowed for straw-colored malts. How it took several more centuries to displace the great porter epoch. The influence of mineral-rich Burton water. The Zen simplicity of how bitter is brewed. The quality called “moreish”—a distinctly British adjective extolling the virtue of being pleasant over the course of a full evening at the pub. And the fact that it really needs to be drunk straight from the tap or cask.

To top it off, Jeff Alworth’s ever-engaging style: “British bitters are characterized by a definite hop presence, but they have no violence in them. The hops ride atop a gentle biscuit sweetness and add marmalade and spice.” And so it goes for bocks and lambics, schwarzbiers and Vienna lagers, saisons and Pilsners, weisses, weizens, and witbiers.

Welcome to beer heaven.

(That last sentence even seems to be a subtle tip of the hat to this blog.)

The Beta Podcast

Well, here's something new. Patrick Emerson--OSU econ prof, erstwhile beeronomist, drinking crony--and I have started a podcast. It was his inspiration, and against all odds, we actually sat down and figured out how to make one of these things and got around to recording one. We're hoping to keep them to a half hour, but the first one ran 36 minutes. (Not bad.) If you have 36 minutes to spare, I'd love to have you listen to it and offer some feedback. The notion is that we'll tackle one issue per pod, look at it from the beery side (me) and the econ side (Patrick). We'll probably taste beers, and we hope to have some kind of questions/feedback section. This is fairly close to what we drew up. Have a listen:

A few notes and questions:

• The music comes from Barcelona's Freak Fandango Orchestra. Yes, they're awesome; yes, they allow you to use their music for free.
• We sort of punted on the name, and I'm not super psyched about it. The "Beervana podcast" ain't entirely original, and I'm not sure it's particularly descriptive. For one, we'll be surveying the world of beers, not just Oregon, and for two, it has the economics element in it. Any ideas would be most appreciated. I'll send a bottle of something tasty to anyone who cracks this nut.
• Yes, we're amateurs. This is part of the allure, but yes, we do hope to improve.
• We intended to answer some of the questions people asked on Facebook but, in the one major blunder of the podcast, forgot.
• Tell us what you thought, what worked, what didn't, and anything else that springs to mind. Many thanks--

Now back to your regularly-scheduled slow blogging.

SABMiller Taking a Page out of AB InBev's Playbook in London

This caught me by surprise:

LONDON: SABMiller is buying Britain's Meantime Brewing Company, swallowing up one of the pioneers of the country's craft brewing movement to give the owner of big brands such as Peroni and Grolsh exposure to a fast-growing part of the drinks market.  

Meantime was a plumb target because...

Sales volumes of Meantime's beers including London Pale Ale and London Lager soared 58 percent in 2014, compared with a 1 percent rise in Britain's beer market as a whole. The more richly flavoured craft beer also sells at a premium to standard lager, another draw for SABMiller.

Read more at:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/47297986.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Sales volumes of Meantime's beers including London Pale Ale and London Lager soared 58 percent in 2014, compared with a 1 percent rise in Britain's beer market as a whole. The more richly flavoured craft beer also sells at a premium to standard lager, another draw for SABMiller.

Read more at:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/47297986.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Sales volumes of Meantime's beers including London Pale Ale and London Lager soared 58 percent in 2014, compared with a 1 percent rise in Britain's beer market as a whole. The more richly flavoured craft beer also sells at a premium to standard lager, another draw for SABMiller.  

I don't have a ton to add here. I toured Meantime when I was researching the Beer Bible, and enjoyed speaking with founder/brewer Alastair Hook. (I wrote about his interesting thoughts here.) I even happened to see him at the Craft Brewers Conference--no doubt he was smiling to himself knowing what was in the works. At this point, there's not a lot to say--we've been down this road often enough that we've already said it all. (Though if you're dying for analysis, Pete Brown has some.)

Hook plans to stay at Meantime, which should assuage fears any fans have, at least over the short term. It's a sign of times.

Alastair Hook

Slow Blogging Ahead

Just an acknowledgement of something you may already have noticed: I'm not doing a lot of high-quality blogging these days. That's likely to continue, as I am currently pretty buried, and the ten-day forecast is calling for more buried. I'll keep up with the weekly post on All About Beer, but you may see only scattered randomness here.

Sorry--

Good Reads

All About Beer lives up to its name today, with three articles you'll want to check out. The first comes from Oxford-based writer Tim Hampson and concerns the latest developments in English hops.

“The British climate is maritime with even fairly even rainfall throughout the year. The majority of other hop-growing regions in the world are much hotter in the summer and much colder in the winter, and all require irrigation. It is the terroir created by our unique climate that produces hops with lower levels of myrcene than in the same hops grown elsewhere in the world. Lower levels of myrcene deliver a more delicate aroma and leave room for more of the other hop oils, which provides the complexity of flavor."

Next we have a Cinco de Mayo post from Jeff Cioletti on mezcal. It's tequila's more rustic cousin, and it is by far more interesting and tasty (in this drinker's humble opinion). It's the smoky Islay malt to tequila's Highland.

Before the agave is fermented and ultimately distilled, artisans bake the heart of the plant in underground charcoal-heated ovens, imparting the not-so-subtle smokiness. Tequila distillers, on the other hand, steam their agave, which has no such effect on its taste.

Finally, the last bit is a piece I wrote about the wild, wonderful cocktails of centuries past, now documented and reproduced by local Portland mixologist Jacob Grier. You ain't drunk cocktails 'til you drunk a mulled, curdled-milk cocktail made with eggs.

I think it’s human nature to believe that the olden times were boring and monochromatic. The people were more innocent, their interests less racy, their choices few and limited by what would grow on the back forty. That may be true of most things, but not beer. Beam back 300 years, and you’d find an orgy of exotica inhabiting the average pint glass. One of my favorite descriptions, from a 17^th-century source, suggests starting with wheat and oats and “one bushel of beans.” It continues: “once fermentation begins thirteen flavorings are added, including three pounds of the inner rind of a fir tree…” Another source, from the 1500s, mentioned laurel, ivy, henbane (a poison) and chimney soot. Tasty! 

Perhaps some reading you can do over your lunch hour.

Lessons From Oregon's Mature Market

Josh Lehner of the Oregon Office of Economic Analysis, has an interesting teaser for a larger report that will be coming out next week in June. Because Oregon is such a mature market, the trends he sees might soon visit states elsewhere. To wit:

[T]he vast majority of the growth in local sales is driven by new breweries and their products. While the state’s legacy breweries have seen increased sales, much of their growth in recent years is outside of Oregon (either in other states or internationally.) 

It comes with these handy graphs:

I wondered aloud on Twitter whether this trend was an artifact mainly of Ninkasi's rapid growth. The answer--a little, but not much. "Overall, from '05-'14 if pull @NinkasiBrewing out, Oregon growth of 102% instead of 118% actual." Most of the growth comes from production breweries, but as distributor Jim Fick noted on Facebook, that trend will be affected by saturation at certain outlets in the future: "Grocery stores and on-premise are close to being saturated - but convenience stores are the next growth opportunity as craft sales are under-weighted there. It's already started somewhat but look for a large expansion of craft beers in convenience stores in the next 1-3 years."

So, even in Oregon, the most mature market in the US, growth has been robust and has the potential to keep growing for awhile. If you live in a state where craft beer has less than 10% of the market, you shouldn't be worrying about a bubble anytime soon.

New Book Project: The Secrets of Master Brewers

I've been a little slow to mention my latest book project, but now that it's well under way, it's time to come clean. The idea was an outgrowth of my research for The Beer Bible; in traveling around to Britain, Belgium, Germany, the Czech Republic, and elsewhere, I became far more attuned to the national brewing traditions in those countries. I would periodically post blogs or discuss my travels, and the people who were most interested were invariably homebrewers. People were fascinated about, say, the way in which nearly every Belgian ale spends time in secondary fermentation in a warm room, or how open fermenters are pivotal in developing flavors distinctive in weissbier, and were keen to learn more. So a flicker of an idea sparked in the back of my brain: what if those same brewers I spoke to offered basic advice on their techniques for the homebrewer.

Which brings us to (working title) Brewing the World's Classic Styles; Advice From the Professionals (Storey). [Update. new title, The Secrets of Master Brewers] I've been partnering with some of my favorite breweries from around the world to discuss the way they brew classic beers. Brewers like:

• John Boyle at Mighty Oak (mild)
• Hans-Peter Drexler at Schneider (weissbier)
• John Keeling at Fuller's (strong bitter)
• Phil Leinhart at Ommegang (witbier)
• Peter Mosley at Porterhouse (Irish stout)
• Matthias Richter at Bayerischer Bahnhof (gose)
• Daniel Thiriez at Thiriez (rustic French ales)
• Ben Edmunds at Breakside (hoppy American ales)

Those are breweries for which I have completed chapters. Others that have agreed to participate include Pilsner Urquell, Duvel, St. Feuillien, Birrificio Italiano, and more.

Each chapter will contain an overview of the style and brewing tradition. It will include basic instructions for ingredients and formulation of a typical recipe (not necessarily the brewery's own), with "next steps" for how to riff on the theme, and "deep cuts" for the truly avid homebrewer (parti-gyle brewing, making your own invert sugar, home casking, open fermentation, kettle souring, and so on).  In many chapters I've got advice from other brewers that make these kinds of beers as well, so the overall effect--I hope--will be like having a resource library of the techniques of the world's great brewers.

Beer ethnography in action at Samuel Smith's in Tadcaster.

I've already kicked off "Science Lab Fridays," wherein I test out some of these techniques so I can write sensibly about them. (You'll be very delighted to learn I'm not pretending to be a master homebrewer--I'm more like a beer ethnographer.) It's already been quite a blast, and I've learned a ton. I hope that when it's done, you will, too.

No doubt I'll reference this over the coming months. It's due December 1, and I've got a book tour starting sometime in August, so I'll be cranking away especially through the next quarter-year.

One More Post on Sexism

I recognize I've been on a bit of a tear about this lately, but this is the last one. You can find it over at All About Beer:

Tuesday was one of those days of convergence when the universe seemed to be telling us something. In Baltimore, anger bubbled over from protest to riot following the death of yet another black man at the hands of police. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court listened to a case that could potentially legalize gay marriage across the U.S. For those of us who take solace in frivolities like beer, there was no relief: Anheuser-Busch (AB) dominated the news with an incredibly boneheaded new slogan slapped on Bud Light bottles (AB released bottles with this tagline, not realizing the inadvertent pro-rape sentiment it endorsed, “The perfect beer for removing ‘no’ from your vocabulary for the night”).

All of these incidents have something in common—they represent the friction that inevitably happens during social change.  

(It's also interesting to see the differing reactions on social media. For whatever reason, on Twitter it seems uncontroversial, while on Facebook, there are some fairly dark comments.)

Bud Bombs Again

Wow. Just wow.

On Tuesday, Bud Light was pushed to apologize for a tone-deaf (and avoidable!) tagline that appeared on a number of bottles as part of it’s “#UpForWhatever” campaign, which advertised the beer as “perfect” for “removing ‘no’ from your vocabulary for the night.” The label was criticized for promoting rape culture after an image appeared on Reddit, prompting social media backlash.

The feminist site Jezebel gets my vote for best response:

Ideally, what I’d like out of this is several free 30-racks and a promise that they will hire at least one woman or even one non-idiot to help out at the Budweiser copy desk: how many people do you think this label had to go through without anyone side-eyeing it to the grave? 

The company has offered an anemic apology, which the internet fires received as gasoline:

“The Bud Light Up for Whatever campaign, now in its second year, has inspired millions of consumers to engage with our brand in a positive and light-hearted way. In this spirit, we created more than 140 different scroll messages intended to encourage brand engagement. It’s clear that this particular message missed the mark, and we regret it. We would never condone disrespectful or irresponsible behavior. As a result, we have immediately ceased production of this message on all bottles.”

What a disaster. But by cultivating a bro campaign in a social media culture, I suppose this was inevitable.

Dive Bar Challenge: The Nite Hawk

A few Saturdays back, after we'd sampled a number of fine ales at the Farmhouse Fest, I coerced a group of friends to join Sally and I as we looked for a TV set playing the elite 8 Wisconsin matchup against Arizona. We were out in North Portland and decided to walk over to a venue I'd not haunted for at least two decades--the Nite Hawk Cafe and Lounge.

Established in 1931, the Nite Hawk is divided neatly between two halves--the cafe, which has a Village Inn vibe about it, and the neighboring lounge, which is the classic pool-tables-and-video-poker dive bar. It's not a great sports venue, as the TVs are small and few, but that makes it better in most other ways. Interstate Avenue used to be one of the skeeziest thoroughfares in the city, but now that the Max light rail runs down the center, you're seeing some very slow gentrification--a New Seasons grocery store is just across the street. (But so is an adult video store.) Yet despite the fact that it's only five miles from downtown, the vibe is very much North Portland working class and on the day we visited, hipster-free.

The Stats*
Breweries in ZIP code: 0
Distance from the heart of downtown: 4.9 miles
Neighborhood hipness factor (1-5): 1.5, not hip
Seediness factor (1-5): 3 neither seedy nor not seedy
Beers on tap:12
Mass market beers: 2 (Bud, Coors Light, Pacifico)
Craft beers: 9
Imports:  0
Ciders: 0
Verdict: Pretty crafty

It has a retro taplist which was nevertheless heavily tilted toward craft. Of twelve taps, just three were devoted to macro (and one of those was Pacifico, the thinking-man's macro). The craft taps were studded with nostalgic classics--Rogue Dead Guy Deschutes Mirror Pond and Black Butte, Widmer Hef, and Full Sail Amber. That's a line-up straight out of 1997. But there was also some Ninkasi IPA, Fort George 1811, and Breakside Pils. Unfortunately, the taps weren't spectacularly clean, so the pints came with a fair dollop of diacetyl. The food was also mediocre (soggy, limp, flavorless are a few of the adjectives that jumped to mind)--even by the standards of dive bars.

It is, however, a great place to shoot pool, so there's that.

Incidentally, while I may do one or two more of these, I think I've more or less already proven the point that no matter where you go in Portland (Lents will be my final test), you're going to find good beer.  So far, I note with some interest that no one has conducted the Dive Bar Challenge in other cities. I'd love it if you would--it could easily be the case that good beer is more widely available than we imagine, and that might say a lot more about the state of beer in 2015 than the latest brewery-count figures.

________________________
*Breweries in ZIP code determined by the Oregon Brewers Guild listing.  I selected Pioneer Courthouse Square, "Portland's living room" as the heart of downtown.

Collagen Beer for the Ladies

Since we've been having this discussion about gender and beer, it seems appropriate to pass along this little tidbit:

Recently, Suntory Holdings Limited launched the latest beer targeted at women in Japan and named it “Precious.” It has five percent alcohol and two grams of collagen per can. The tag line is: “Guys can tell if a girl is taking collagen or not.”

Now, aside from that 1960s-era sentiment, what's the story with collagen?
And as far as anti-aging elements go, the collagen expert believes topical therapy (like using advanced moisturizer with retinol, antioxidants, DNA repair enzymes etc.) is the most effective. But...

While more collagen in your skin could make you look younger, collagen in itself isn’t considered an anti-aging ingredient, according to Dr. Ostad. Our digestive system works to break up the collagen just like any other food or drink.

And so...

It would, according to Dr. Ariel Ostad, collagen expert and Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology at New York University Medical Center. Alcohol is not healthy for the body or for your skin’s complexion. It actually inflames the skin resulting in puffiness, rosacea and irritation. With only two grams of collagen per can, “there isn’t enough collagen to make a remarkable difference for your skin’s complexion,” said Dr. Ostad.

This is far from the first time a beer company has tried to appeal to women and it surely won't be the last. I can't speak to how this Japanese-only product is likely to sell because I'm ignorant of the market. But it has all the hallmarks of a classic #fail. 1) Beer company tries to lure women to beer with a specifically feminine flourish (additive, brand, label, name)? Check. 2) Fails to see how this ghettoizes a product, limiting its appeal, and subtly (or not so subtly) condescends to its target audience? Check. 3) Appears to have completely ignored flavor in favor of packaging and branding? Check.

Ah well.

Strip Clubs and Sexism in Craft Beer

There were a number of interesting subplots to the Craft Brewers Conference last week, but none more so than the attention lavished on Portland's famous strip clubs. And from old England to New England to Montreal, many women found it pretty offensive. Stan has a good round-up of some of the voices in that debate, but I wanted to add a local's perspective. As with so many things, the further away from a situation you are, the clearer the lines look. Up close, they're fuzzier.

1. Why so many strip clubs?
Oregon isn't a particularly libertine place (a majority of residents came from New England and the Midwest) and Portland, with its sapphire-blue politics, is pretty women-friendly, two facts that make strip clubs seem like a weird fit. And indeed, strip clubs have been controversial for decades. They exist because Oregon has one of the most liberal free-speech laws on the books. ("No law shall be passed restraining the free expression of opinion, or restricting the right to speak, write, or print freely on any subject whatever.") In two famous cases, limits on strip clubs came up before the Oregon Supreme Court (in 1982 and 2005) and both times the Court said strip clubs were protected by the Constitution. (It also means a rather liberal interpretation of "expression"--full nudity is Constitutionally kosher.)

2. Prudery, objectification, and agency
Portlanders have had all the strip club debates--often. When they are such a prominent fixture of your streets, you have to think through the thorny issues. Are strippers victims of patriarchy or third-wave feminists expressing their bodies naturally? If you see strippers as victims, you are obliquely asserting that they have no agency in the matter. This is one of those times when living far away may make things less clear. Once you know a stripper (as I have), it's not so easy to take the I-know-what's-best position. On the other hand, it's pretty clear why strip clubs exist. Not everyone who walks into a strip club is thinking about the wonderful celebration of women's rights they're about to experience.

3. Titillation for fun and profit
Oregonians have made our peace with them, but some percentage of visitors always turn into 16-year-old boys when they hear there are strip clubs here. Three years ago, I was gobsmacked to hear that Redhook was going to host a strip club crawl. "Beer and strip clubs?--partay!" By merely hosting the CBC in Portland, strip clubs were guaranteed to become an issue. Since Portland's strip clubs always magnetize people coming to the city, I suppose it was inevitable that they would play a starring role in the CBC. It seems crazy to associate your brand with an activity that will offend some decent proportion of your customer base, but it happens regularly.

4. Women, beer, and Portland
The beer world is overwhelming dominated by white men. It has a history of racism, bigotry, and rampant sexism. If you go to any beer geek event--like the CBC, say--you'll see an ocean of white, mostly male folk. Anyone who would like to see this world evolve has to take special steps to avoid making the same mistakes that have made it an exclusive club for so long. 

And here's where Portland and Oregon really have shined. We have a number of women brewers and this is where the Pink Boots Society was formed. If you walk into any pub in town, you'll see a pretty even distribution of men and women (all drinking, naturally, good Oregon beer). Women run some of the best pubs in town, write about beer, and even (until recently), talked about it on the radio. It's frustrating to think that people will walk away think Portland is this uniquely sexist city, when the picture's a lot brighter than that.

That said, if this whole strip club discussion got the brewing industry thinking more deeply about its own sexism and how to include women, I'm willing to have Portland take its lumps.

Area Man Takes Pictures, Week of April 13

Craft Brewers Conference pics, in the Convention Center and around Portland.

The Hallertau Hop Queen.

New German hop varieties.

Rogue's John Maier (l) and Pelican's Darron Welch (r) at Saraveza
They were toasting Yorkshire's Samuel Smith's.

Correlation, Causation, and Culture (or, Don't Blame the Baptists)

Looking for the latest Hillary/Rubio politics news, I stumbled across this article in The Atlantic:

While observations abound about "the rise of America's craft breweries," the story has been very different on the state level. Vermont, for example, had one brewery for every 25,000 residents in 2012. Mississippi, meanwhile, had one for every 994,500. These aren't anomalous islands of booziness and temperance—they're exemplars of their regions. The nine states with the fewest breweries are all in the South. What is it about the region that might make this true?

In short, it's because of the Baptists. Steve Gohmann, a professor of economics at the University of Louisville, recently published a paper in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice cataloguing the potent blend of regulation, religion, and corporate interest that makes the South less hospitable to small breweries.

I don't have access to the article (and I'm not paying six bucks to read it), but this is almost certainly wrong. It's one of those cases in which the correlations are incidental and depend on getting the right cluster of variables in play. Gohmann apparently undermines his own thesis by observing the dominance of locally-distilled spirits.

Even though the South doesn't have many breweries, it does have plenty of whiskey distilleries—Kentucky, Gohmann said, is the American capital of whiskey. What do Baptists, Methodists, and their votes have to say about that? "My results are less likely to apply right now because microdistilleries are not capturing that much of the market from the large producers," he says. 

Beer culture is bizarre and hard to explain. Had Gohmann looked at countries besides the US, he would have seen similar patterns--breweried regions next to non-breweried regions. Take Germany. In 2006 (the most recent numbers I could find and good enough for our purposes), Bavaria had 618 breweries, while neighboring Baden-Würtemburg had just 180.  Seven of the twelve states had fewer than 60 breweries (ten percent Bavaria's total). The Baptists at play again? (No.)

A big part of the riddle, I think, has to do with parochialism--or the degree to which parochialism is expressed through local breweries. When you look at German (or American) beer production figures, rather than just counting breweries, the picture changes. Bavaria drops to number two in production, and the other states don't trail by nearly the same margin. As Gohmann points out in the article (again undermining his thesis), Southerners drink a lot of beer. They just don't insist that it be brewed on a local 10-barrel system.

I'd love to know why some places have tons of breweries and some don't, but I doubt anyone will offer a plausible reason. We're talking culture here, and the variables are too numerous and, well, too varied to ever nail down.

But don't blame the Baptists.

Welcome to CBCers

As one citizen of Beervana, let me offer a warm welcome to all those traveling from across the country and world for the Craft Brewers Conference. I hope you have a wonderful time and enjoy your stay in the City of Roses (acceptable alternatives include Stumptown, Bridgetown, or Puddletown).

To help you feel right at home, I'd like to direct you to two posts: 1) some facts about Portland and its beer culture, and 2) recommendations for five local beers and five local pubs.

One thing I didn't mention was Portland weather, which in April can be 50 and rainy or 75 and sunny (occasionally on the same day). Fortunately, you're going to see the whole gamut.

Maybe I'll see you around town.  Enjoy--

Public Events During the Craft Brewers Conference

Updated. One event was sold out, and I added another. Events may be somewhat fluid as the week unfolds, and I'll keep updating the post.

The Craft Brewers Conference (CBC) visits Portland next week. The official dates are April 14-17, Tues-Fri, but there are special events happening all week long. CBC has become a road show, stopping off in a new town each year, bringing more and more people as it grows. As a result, next week is going to be the biggest, baddest event ever (until next year). You are the lucky beneficiary of this traveling circus, and I want to highlight just a few of the events you might like to experience.

The Oregon Brewers Guild has the most comprehensive listing, so if you are a completist, have a look at that. What follows is a selective guide to the things I think look really special. (The CBC website also has a listing, but it blends private and public events, so beware.)

All Week

• Sour and Wild Ale Invitational, Cascade Barrel House. Cascade hosts two dozen sour-beer specialists from around the country (including Allagash, Crooked Stave, Jester King, Russian River, the Bruery). A special food station is also being set up.  April 14-18. 939 SE Belmont 3-11pm 
•  Le Pigeon beer flights. "Le Pigeon will offer beer pairings to accompany their five and seven course chef’s tasting menus during the week of the CBC, from Monday, April 13th- Sunday, April 19th."  Reservations are available online or by calling the restaurant to book at (503) 546-8796. 738 E Burnside Street, Portland, Ore.
• The Drinking Lot by Bailey's (MLK and Burnside). A pop-up bar that will be pouring beer from "Block 15, Breakside Brewery, The Bruery, Crux, Ex Novo Brewing, Founders Brewing, Gigantic Brewing, Laurelwood Brewing, Mill City, Pints, Oakshire Brewing, pFriem, Stone Brewing, Sun King, and many more." April 13-18 at the parking lot on the corner of Burnside and MLK.

Saturday, April 11

• pFriem Bottle Release at Beermonger's. This is where you can get a bottle of that spectacular Flanders Red--along with seven other bottled pFriem beers. 1125 SE Division, #110, 6-9pm

Monday, April 13

• Artisan brewers workshop with Karl Ockert. "Karl Ockert will be exploring and discussing the fundamentals of brewing ingredients and the brewhouse processes in a full day workshop perfect for the practicing brewer who wants more training and for those who are new to the craft." Lucky Lab, 1945 NW Quimby Street
• Eastburn brewers dinner. "The East Burn is hosting a 7-course dinner featuring rare beers from Avery, Burnside, DC Brau, Firestone Walker, Flying Dog, Maui and Surly all paired with a creative menu driven by Chef Joseph Dougherty." 1800 East Burnside, 6-10pm
• Victory brewing and brewmaster at Belmont Station. " Bill Covaleski, the founder and brewmaster of Victory Brewing Co. Enjoy a taste of Philly with the Italian Market food truck (on-site) and savor several special Victory beers on draft in the biercafe, plus bottles of Deep Cocoa Baltic Porter will be available for sale." 4500 SE Stark, 5-7pm
• Le Pigeon beer flights. (Ongoing)
• The Drinking Lot by Bailey's (MLK and Burnside). (Ongoing)

Tuesday, April 14

• Commons, Breakside, and Stone collaboration beers at Green Dragon. " Stone has collaborated with local breweries Commons & Breakside to create two luscious beers that you won’t be seeing for long. On top of that, Stone’s newest Spotlight Series ale will be making it’s premier – the illusive Imperial Mutt Brown Ale. Come by and down a few pints alongside the Stone crew!" 928 SE 9th Ave, 4-8pm
• Deschutes Woody at Belmont Station. "When Deschutes’ ginormous beer-barrel shaped party-on-wheels rolls into town, you know it will be a good time. And Woody just got a makeover, with all kinds of shiny new features. This will be his Portland debut, so swing on by to see Woody in action! We will be pouring 8 different and very special Deschutes beers on draft and will even be handing out commemorative CBC/Deschutes/Belmont Station glassware (while supplies last)!" 4500 SE Stark, 5-7pm
• Bell's After Dark at Belmont Station. "Come join Larry and some of his crew and enjoy several Bell’s beers on tap — a rarity in these parts for quite some time. We also will have bottles of Two Hearted Ale for sale in the bottle shop! Come by, enjoy some Bell’s beers, pick up a bottle of Two Hearted, and say hello to one of craft beer’s pioneers."  4500 SE Stark, 8-11pm
• Sour and Wild Ale Invitational, Cascade Barrel House. (ongoing)
• Le Pigeon beer flights. (Ongoing)
• The Drinking Lot by Bailey's (MLK and Burnside). (Ongoing)

Wednesday, April 15

• SoCal Breweries at Roscoe's.  "Join Roscoe's in welcoming the brewers of Southern California to the city of Portland! The taps will be taken over with beers that are unique and previously undistributed in Portland! It will also be a great opportunity to meet many of the breweries and brewery owners. Modern Times, Beachwood, Ballast Point Brewing & Spirits, Eagle Rock, Highland Park, Golden Road Brewing, Cismontane, Alpine Beer Company, Kinetic, The Bruery, Phantom Carriage, Green Flash, Monkish, Stone, and many more."  8105 SE Stark St, noon to close
• Central Oregon Brews and Beats at the Crystal Ballroom. A DJ, live music, and beer from "Goodlife Brewing, Worthy Brewing, Sunriver Brewing, Deschutes Brewery, Mcmenamins OSF, Silver Moon Brewing, Bend Brewing Company, Wild Ride Brewing, Crux Fermentation Project, Three Creeks, Solstice and more!"  1332 W Burnside, 6pm on
• Sam Smith's toast with American brewers at Saraveza. A tribute to venerable Yorkshire brewery Samuel Smith's, with lots of American brewers and their beers on hand, like Fal Allen (Anderson Valley), Garrett Oliver (Brooklyn), John Harris (Ecliptic), Jamie Floyd (Ninkasi), Darron Welch (Pelican), John Maier (Rogue). 1004 N Killingsworth St, 7pm on
• Breakside collaborative brewers dinner at Ned Ludd. "This 5 course 10 beer pairing dinner of epic proportions features Jester King Brewery (Austin, TX), Melvin Brewing (Jackson, WY), Crooked Stave Artisan Beer (Denver, CO), Moody Tongue Brewing (Chicago, IL) and Breakside Brewery (Portland & Milwaukie, OR)." Elder Hall at Ned Ludd, 3929 NE MLK Jr Blvd, 6-10pm  
• Sour and Wild Ale Invitational, Cascade Barrel House. (ongoing)
• Le Pigeon beer flights. (Ongoing)
• The Drinking Lot by Bailey's (MLK and Burnside). (Ongoing)

Thursday, April 16

• Ecliptic and Dogfish Head Power Lunch. "Join Sam Calagione and John Harris for a Power Lunch at Ecliptic Brewing on Thursday the 16th at noon. The owners of both breweries with be pairing a 3 course lunch with a beer from both Dogfish Head and Ecliptic Brewing. Call 503.265.8002 or email eringrey@eclipticbrewing.com for tickets." Ecliptic Brewing, 825 N Cook St., noon
• Boneyard and friends Beergasm at Green Dragon.  Participating breweries: 3 Floyds Brewing Co., Bagby Beer Company, Surly Brewing Co., Crooked Stave Artisan Beer Project, Hollister Brewing Company, Boneyard Beer, Almanac Beer Co., Rogue Ales, Fat Heads Brewery, Barley Browns Beer, Melvin Brewing, Ballast Point Brewing Company, Societe Brewing Company, Beavertown Brewing, Piece Brewing, Alpine Beer Company. 928 SE 9th, 5-10pm, tix: http://boneyardbeer.ticketleap.com/beergasm/
• Beers of Enchantment (NM) at Beermongers. "We, along with Alebriated Distributing and Brewpublic, are very happy to showcase the fine beers being brewed in New Mexico. We’ll be featuring beers from La Cumbre, Marble and Santa Fe Brewing Company." 1125 SE Division St
• OMSI + Ninkasi Space Dinner. "The evening will begin with a space science demonstration, followed by a 3-course dinner created by Bon Appetit’s Executive Chef and paired with delicious Ninkasi beers. The grand finale with be dessert served with the exclusive space beer, Ground Control, an Imperial Stout." 1945 SE Water Ave., 6-9pm
• Allagash, Crooked Stave, and Crux at Hop and Vine. "On Thursday, April 16th The Hop & Vine is hosting Allagash Brewing Company, Crooked Stave Artisan Beer Project, and Crux Fermentation Project. The evening will include special tappings from all three breweries as well as a collaboration bottle release between Crooked Stave and Crux" 1914 N Killingsworth St., 6pm on 
• Sour and Wild Ale Invitational, Cascade Barrel House. (ongoing)
• Le Pigeon beer flights. (Ongoing)
• The Drinking Lot by Bailey's (MLK and Burnside). (Ongoing)

Friday April 17

• Pioneers of Craft Beer at the Horse Brass.  "Breweries in attendance include: Ecliptic Brewing, Deschutes, Alaskan, Widmer, Anchor, Rogue, Sierra Nevada, Bridgeport, Hales, Pikes, Bells, Hair of the Dog, Full Sail, and Dogfish Head. We will also be welcoming some of the other pioneers of craft beer including like Tom Dalldorf from Celebrator magazine, Fred Eckhardt, and John Foyston." 4534 SE Belmont, 6-9pm
• Experimental Hops at Apex. "try beers brewed with some new and experimental hops from the American Dwarf Hop Association (including Azacca, Jarrylo, Pekko, ADHA527, ADHA529, and ADHA484). Breweries showcasing beers brewed with these hops include Ecliptic Brewing, Bagby Beer Company, Bear Republic, Cigar City, Coppertail, 3 Floyds, Founders, Alameda, The Post Brewing Co., Stone, The Hop Concept, Wicked Weed, Victory, Phillips, OXBOW, Lagunitas, Iron Goat, Tributary, and The Unknown." 1216 SE Division, 2pm on 
• Sour and Wild Ale Invitational, Cascade Barrel House. (ongoing)
• Le Pigeon beer flights. (Ongoing)
• The Drinking Lot by Bailey's (MLK and Burnside). (Ongoing)

Saturday, April 18

• Beer and Donuts at Culmination Brewing. "join Oregon Breweries author Brian Yaeger and Culmination Brewing Company for a morning repast of a baker’s dozen doughnut samples and a baker’s dozen of the perkiest coffee beers. Admission includes a total of 13 3-oz beer samples, 13 gluttonous doughnut morsels, coffee, and also available for purchase will be breakfast sandwiches." 2117 NE Oregon, 10a-1pm
• BeerAdvocate at Belmont Station. "Kill Kegs! Help kill Belmont Stations’s rare and one-off kegs with the Alström Bros and the rest of the BeerAdvocate crew. Meet the BA crew, BA mag contributors, beer media, and fellow BeerAdvocates." 4500 SE Stark, 2-5pm 
• Sour and Wild Ale Invitational, Cascade Barrel House. (ongoing)
• Le Pigeon beer flights. (Ongoing)
• The Drinking Lot by Bailey's (MLK and Burnside). (Ongoing)

Sunday, April 19 

•  Le Pigeon beer flights. (Ongoing)

Beer Sherpa Recommends: pFriem Flanders Red

There are two or three styles of beer Americans really have a hard time recreating: altbier, English bitter, and especially, the tart ales of Flanders. It's one of those styles that causes me to flinch when I see an American brew it--not only are American examples not particularly similar to Belgian ones, but they're often chemical/acid stews. I personally have never had an American version I thought was worth the name, though when I tweeted that information out, people tweeted back the names of some I haven't tried. Nevertheless, they're at best rare, rare birds, these good American Flanders reds.

I should say, I had never had a good American Flanders Red until last week, when I tried Josh pFriem's.  His just-released variation is absolutely sublime. I say "variation" because it's not a recreation of an existing beer, but it does bear the hallmarks of the Belgian approach: rich complexity but broad appeal. Classic examples like Rodenbach or Verhaeghe contains tons of flavor elements, but they're also immediately approachable to novices. I think that will be true of pFriem's Flander's red as well. It has a light acidity, bright cherry esters, and a gentle cosseting of natural sweetness. It's a tremendous beer.

Flanders reds are a product of age and wood. They can be made in a number of different ways--in old Belgium, each town had a different way of doing things--but the key to making them so well was aging them for months or years on wood. The complexity evolves when the various yeasts and bacteria interact over time. Here's brewmaster Rudi Ghequire describing Rodenbach's process:

"In our [process] we work with a yeast culture with eight different yeast strains and also a little bit of lactic bacterias.  During the first week, we have an alcoholic fermentation from the yeast cells, and after one week the lactic bacteria took it over during the lagering time.  During the lagering time we reduce the yeast cells in the beer by precipitation, and then we go with a nearly bright, young beer to the wood.  The big difference between spontaneous fermentation and mixed fermentation is with spontaneous you go with wort on wood and we go with young beer.  The beer has an alcoholic protection, so it is less risky."

Once it goes onto the wood--in the case of Rodenbach, in giant, ancient oak foeders--the Brettanomyces get to work. But the goal is not to produce that dry, leathery, sometimes funky quality we associate with lambic. Instead, the Brett makes those distinctive cherry esters that give Rodenbach its characteristic balsamic flavor. As Rudi says, Rodenbach has “a triangle of taste: sweetness, dryness, and acidity.” 

pFriem Flanders Red does not taste like Rodenbach, but it is also a product of time and wood. Josh pFriem ages the beer for two years in French pinot barrels from Burgundy. I think they may be responsible for at least some of the fruity notes. Unlike so many American Flanders Reds, though, pFriem's does not turn harsh in the barrels. It takes on a bit of acid, but retains a surprising amount of malt body and sweetness. While being quite different from Rodenbach, it expresses Ghequire's triad of sweetness, dryness, and acidity.  At the media rollout for these beers last week, Pfriem told me that the Flanders red "was why I got into brewing," and he offers a beer worthy of a life's pursuit.

pFriem's Flanders Red release is part of a huge bottle roll-out that also includes Pilsner, IPA, Blonde IPA, Belgian Strong Dark, Belgian Strong Blonde, Saison, and Flanders Blonde. (A drier, sharper beer than the red. There is no traditional "Flanders blonde," but inventing one is exactly what a Belgian would do.) Here's the full list of release dates by city (Eugene to Seattle).

pFriem's pub

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"Beer Sherpa Recommends" is an irregular feature.  In this fallen world, when the number of beers outnumber your woeful stomach capacity by several orders of magnitude, you risk exposing yourself to substandard beer.  Worse, you risk selecting substandard beer when there are tasty alternatives at hand.  In this terrible jungle of overabundance, wouldn't it be nice to have a neon sign pointing to the few beers among the crowd that really stand out?  A beer sherpa, if you will, to guide you to the beery mountaintop.  I don't profess to drink all the beers out there, but from time to time I stumble across a winner and when I do, I'll pass it along to you.